Growing cannabis at home in Luxembourg: the 4-plant rule, explained.

What the law permits

Under the Law of 21 July 2023, an adult household in Luxembourg may grow up to four cannabis plants, all at the principal residence, and not visible from a public space. Only adults aged 18 and over may grow or possess the plants. Seeds purchased domestically must be labelled with the producer's contact, quantity, and a health warning.

What is still prohibited

• Sale, gifting, exchange, and bartering of cannabis remain criminal offences. The four plants are for the household's own use only.
• Carrying more than 3 grams in public is a criminal offence (8 days to 6 months imprisonment and/or €251–2,500 fine). Up to 3 grams in public is a civil infraction with a €145 on-the-spot fine.
• Growing outdoors in plain view of the street, a neighbour's window, or a shared courtyard fails the "not visible from public space" test.

What the law does not say

There is no fixed upper limit on the dry cannabis a household may store, provided it is clearly for personal use. There is also no licensing pathway for retail. The government announced a concept in April 2023 for fourteen state-controlled dispensaries supplied by two licensed producers, but no draft legislation has followed. The current coalition has stated it will observe neighbouring countries before acting further.

Practical takeaways

• Four plants is the household ceiling, not the per-adult ceiling. Two adults sharing a residence do not get eight.
• Tenants should check their lease — landlords may still restrict cultivation by contract, separate from the criminal-law position.
• Seeds, lamps, and basic grow equipment are sold legally; the equipment itself is not regulated.

Sources

• CMS Expert Guide — Luxembourg
• Cannabis in Luxembourg — Wikipedia
• Prohibition Partners — Luxembourg 2025
• Police Grand-Ducale — Drugs Legislation

This article is general information, not legal advice. For decisions with real consequences, consult a Luxembourg-admitted lawyer.